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meanwhile

英 /ˈmiːnwaɪl/美 /ˈmiːnwaɪl/

adv. 副词

与此同时;在此期间

核心含义

本义为“在……之间的时间”,由mean(中间的)和while(一段时间)构成,指从某一时间点到另一时间点之间的间隔。引申为“与此同时”,用于对比或补充说明另一事件,强调时间上的同步性。例如,“She was cooking dinner; meanwhile, he was setting the table.”(她在做晚饭,与此同时他在摆桌子。)此外,也可表示“在此期间”,用于叙述中插入另一线索,如“The project will take two years. Meanwhile, we need to secure funding.”(项目将耗时两年,在此期间我们需要确保资金。)

来源与构成

源自古英语“mǣn hwīle”,其中“mǣn”意为“中间的”,“hwīl”意为“一段时间”。现代拼写中,mean保留“中间”之意,while指“时间”。记忆时可拆解为“mean(中间)+ while(时间)”,即“在时间中间”,引申为“与此同时”。该词为副词,无动词或名词形式。

使用场景

在新闻报道中,常用来连接两条平行的事件线,如“The government announced new policies; meanwhile, protests continued.”(政府宣布新政策,与此同时抗议仍在继续。)在学术写作中,用于对比或补充数据,如“Group A showed improvement; meanwhile, Group B remained stable.”(A组有所改善,而B组保持稳定。)在日常口语中,常简化为“meantime”,如“I'll be busy; meantime, you can relax.”(我会很忙,期间你可以休息。)在文学作品中,用于切换场景或视角,如“Meanwhile, in a distant kingdom...”

语法提示

Meanwhile是副词,通常置于句首或句中,用逗号与主句隔开。它不连接句子,因此不能像连词那样直接连接两个分句,需借助分号或句号。例如,正确用法:“She was tired; meanwhile, he continued working.” 错误用法:“She was tired, meanwhile he continued working.”(需用分号或句号)。易错点:与“while”混淆,while是连词,可引导从句,而meanwhile是副词。

近义辨析

与“meantime”基本同义,但meantime更多用于口语,且常与“in”搭配成“in the meantime”。与“simultaneously”相比,simultaneously强调精确的同时发生,而meanwhile更侧重时间段内的伴随。与“however”相比,however表转折,而meanwhile表时间上的并行。例如,“He was sleeping; simultaneously, the alarm rang.”(他正在睡觉,同时闹钟响了。)强调瞬间同步;“He was sleeping; meanwhile, the clock ticked.”(他正在睡觉,与此同时时钟滴答作响。)强调时间段。

注意事项

Meanwhile是中性副词,无褒贬色彩。语域中性,适用于大多数场合。常见误用包括将其当作连词使用,或用逗号连接两个独立分句。此外,在正式写作中,不要与“while”混用,注意其副词属性。

实用例句

  • The company is restructuring; meanwhile, employees are uncertain about their future.公司正在重组,与此同时,员工们对自己的未来感到不确定。
  • I'll finish this report. Meanwhile, you can prepare the presentation.我会完成这份报告,在此期间,你可以准备演示文稿。
  • Meanwhile, back in the office, the meeting had already started.与此同时,回到办公室,会议已经开始。
  • The government has promised reforms. Meanwhile, the public grows impatient.政府承诺进行改革,与此同时,公众越来越不耐烦。
  • She was studying for exams; meanwhile, her brother was playing video games.她在备考,与此同时,她弟弟在玩电子游戏。

词语搭配

in the meanwhile
在此期间
meanwhile, back at...
与此同时,回到……(叙事用语)
but meanwhile
但与此同时
meanwhile, in other news
与此同时,在其他新闻中
meanwhile, however
然而与此同时
meanwhile, on the other hand
另一方面,与此同时